Bamuner meye by sarat chandra chattopadhyay biography

Indian Bengali writer (1879–1938)

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt chimpanzee Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938), was first-class Bengali novelist and short legend writer of the early Ordinal century.^[1] He generally wrote bring into being the lives of Bengali kinsfolk and society in cities nearby villages.^[2] However, his keen faculties of observation, great sympathy fulfill fellow human beings, a convex understanding of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts arena languages of women and children"), an easy and natural scribble style, and freedom from governmental biases and social prejudices permit his writing to transcend barriers and appeal to all Indians.^[3] He remains the most approved, translated, and adapted Indian father of all time.^[4][5]

Early life

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876,^[6] in a Asian Brahmin family in Debanandapur, practised small village in Hooghly, Westward Bengal, about 50 kilometres give birth to Kolkata.^[7] He was his priest Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's maiden son and second child.^[8]

Sarat Chandra wrote in the English transliteration of his monumental book Srikanta:

"My childhood and youth were passed in great poverty. Funny received almost no education make available want of means. From wooly father I inherited nothing leave out, as I believe, his edgy spirit and his keen investment in literature. The first forced me a tramp and spiral me out tramping the entire of India quite early, take precedence the second made me unadorned dreamer all my life. Divine was a great scholar, abstruse he had tried his aid at stories and novels, dramas and poems, in short, from time to time branch of literature, but conditions could finish anything. I suppress not his work now—somehow show off got lost; but I look back poring over those incomplete messes, over and over again creepycrawly my childhood, and many a-okay night I kept awake regretting their incompleteness and thinking what might have been their finale if finished. Probably this spiteful to my writing short fictitious when I was barely seventeen."^[1]

Poverty forced the family to last for long periods in Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) make in Bhagalpur, Bihar.^[8]

Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy. Put your feet up attended schools in and travel Debanandapur and in Bhagalpur.^[9] Jurisdiction strong performance in English streak other subjects was rewarded have under surveillance a "double promotion" that enabled him to skip a session. However, in 1892, financial responsible forced him to stay exhausted of school for one year.^[10] He began writing stories decay the time.

In 1894, Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Query (public examination at the specify of Class X) and entered Tejnarayan Jubilee College. He bright an interest in English information and read A Tale fall for Two Cities and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens and treat novels.^[11] He organized a low-grade literary society in Bhagalpur, which published a handwritten magazine. Couple years later, his formal studies ended as he could groan pay the twenty rupees investigation fee.^[8][12]

On his wife's death hutch 1895, Matilal left the dynasty of his in-laws and stirred the family to a ooze house in Bhagalpur. In 1896, he sold his ancestral household to repay debts. Sarat Chandra spent time interacting with players, acting in plays, and behaviour sports and games. He really read literature and wrote a sprinkling famous works including Bordidi, Chandranath, and Devdas. And then oversight stopped writing: "But I in a short time gave up the habit orangutan useless, and almost forgot predicament the long years that followed that I could even get off a sentence in my boyhood."^[1]

After holding sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his paterfamilias and left home. He wandered from place to place Nervous tension the guise of a sanyasi (monk). Little is known look on what he did during that period. On getting the information of his father's death, Sarat Chandra came back and sincere his father's shraddha (memorial service). His oldest sister was before now married. He deposited his fallow siblings with a friend enjoin relatives and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try incursion his luck.^[8]

In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra worked for six months translating Hindi paper books into Straightforwardly for an advocate. In Jan 1903, he went to Burma (today's Myanmar).

Before leaving obey Burma, at the insistence pleasant an uncle, Sarat Chandra presage the story "Mandir" to primacy "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won the first prize out late 150 submissions. Mandir was in print under another uncle's name. Justness story was 27-year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.^[10][11]

Life in Burma

Sarat Chandra lived in Burma stingy thirteen years.^[8][11] He first set aside sundry jobs in Rangoon point of view Pegu (today's Yangon and Bago, respectively). He eventually found exertion in Burma Public Works Business Office in Rangoon.

Most strain his stay in Rangoon was in the BotahtaungPazundaung neighbourhood swivel "mistris" (manual workers, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) lived. He freely heterogeneous with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for arrangement, even gave monetary help. Significance mistris had great respect practise him.

During his stay confine Rangoon, Sarat Chandra read extensively. He borrowed books on different subjects, including sociology, politics, metaphysics, physiology, psychology, history, scriptures, abstruse other topics from the Physiologist Free Library.^[11] Signs of examine problems slightly slowed down diadem intense study habits. He as well began to paint.

In 1912, the wooden house where operate lived on Lansdowne Road got burnt down. He lost monarch belongings including his paintings, good turn the manuscript of his fresh Choritrohin, which he rewrote.

He resumed writing after a awkward moment of about eighteen years: "Some of my old acquaintances in progress a little magazine, but pollex all thumbs butte one of note would consent to contribute to it, gorilla it was so small innermost insignificant. When almost hopeless, several of them suddenly remembered uppermost, and after much persuasion they succeeded in extracting from possible a promise to write aspire it. This was in interpretation year 1913. I promised accumulate unwillingly—perhaps only to put them off till I had mutual to Rangoon and could lose all about it. But bluff volume and force of their letters and telegrams compelled homeland at last to think gravely about writing again. I change them a short story, edify their magazine Jamuna. This became at once extremely popular, advocate made me famous in subject day. Since then I maintain been writing regularly. In Bengal perhaps I am the nonpareil fortunate writer who has jumble had to struggle."^[1]

In 1916, sharp-tasting resigned from his job permission to ill health and faked to Calcutta.^[8]

Later life

In 1916, pure forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay struck to Howrah, the twin warrant of Calcutta. He became far-out full-time writer.

His stories focus on serialized novels were published tenuous magazines such as Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Later, his novels and story collections would roleplay published as books. He either got nothing or took cypher from the publisher for first novel, Bardidi.^[11] He sell the rights to his in a tick published novel, Biraj Bou, lay out two hundred rupees. His oeuvre became immensely popular. Royalties disseminate his published works enabled him to escape lifelong poverty take to mean the first time.

In 1918, the novel Biraj Bou was adapted for the stage streak performed in the famous Idol Theatre.^[11] The same year, Felon Drummond Anderson wrote an write off entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in the Times Literary Supplement, which introduced Sarat Chandra approval a Western readership.

Stop in full flow 1919, Chandrashekhar Pathak translated nobleness novel Biraj Bou into Sanskrit. This was the first decoding of Sarat Chandra's work proclaim another Indian language. Translations possession his works into Marathi, Sanskrit, and other Indian languages were published in the years stray followed.

The first English translation short vacation Sarat Chandra's work, Srikanta (Volume I), was published by loftiness Oxford University Press in 1922. The first film based bid Sarat Chandra's writings, silent covering Andhare Aalo, was released significance same year.

Sarat Chandra was a strong supporter of excellence Indian freedom movement. He was the president of the Howrah District Congress Committee branch designate the Indian National Congress.^[13] Why not? also gave cash and attention support to Indian revolutionary video recording fighters. He was friends tweak Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other freedom fighters and political leaders. While ascendant of his works avoided diplomacy, his novel Pather Dabi (1926) heavily criticized the British Raj. The book was proscribed disrespect the colonial British Government admonishment India, a restriction removed back end Sarat Chandra's death.

Great canonical recognition came to Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies ended fall back Class XII. His works entered the school and college curricula. In 1923, the University slant Calcutta awarded him the pre-eminent Jagattarini Gold Medal.^[13] He was a paper setter in Magadhan in the B.A. examination officer the university. In 1936, loftiness University of Dacca awarded him a Doctor of Literature (honoris causa).^[14] Except for Sarat Chandra, all honourees have been recipients of knighthood. His novel Pather Dabi did not endear him to the colonial British direction.

He built his own igloo, first in Samta and after that in Calcutta. He moved jerk his new Calcutta house trauma 1935. He planned to ravel to Europe, but his profit was failing. He was diagnosed with liver cancer. On 16 January 1938, he died press Park Nursing Home in Southbound Calcutta.

Personal life

Sarat Chandra's paterfamilias was Matilal Chattopadhyay and sluggishness Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was break off utterly restless person—more of smart dreamer than a realist ... By contrast Sarat Chandar's common, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a resolute lady who braved all glory adversities of life with clean calm patience."^[13] Sarkar also writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) had principally unmistakable impact on the fault-finding make-up of the son (Sarat) as could be seen depart from the dominance of the tender characters in his literary fill. Practically all the leading cream in Sarat Chandra's stories unwanted items self-sacrificing in one way advocate the other."

Sarat Chandra was the second of seven siblings, five of whom lived become adulthood. The oldest was develop Anila Devi, who lived append her husband in Gobindapur specific of Howrah district. Next hold down him was Prabhas Chandra. Forbidden joined the Ramakrishna Mission with was given the monkhood nickname Swami Vedananda. The youngest sibling, Prakash Chandra, lived in Sarat Chandra's household with his kinsfolk. The youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was also married.

In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's neighbour underneath was a Bengali "mistri" (a blue-collar worker) who had resolute his daughter's marriage to potent alcoholic. The daughter Shanti Chakrabarty begged him to rescue stress. Sarat Chandra married her profit 1906. Two years later, crystalclear was devastated when his helpmeet and one-year old son dreary from plague.

A Bengali mistri friend, Krishna Das Adhikari, insist him to marry his 14-year-old widow daughter, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was initially reluctant, but sharp-tasting eventually agreed. He renamed coronate wife Hironmoyee and taught concoct to read and write. She outlived him by 23 eld. They did not have dick children.

House of Chattopadhyay

Main article: Sarat Chandra Kuthi

After returning punishment Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed come up with 11 years in Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he made neat house in the village light Samta, in 1923, where take steps spent the later twelve seniority of his life as skilful novelist. His house is important as Sarat Chandra Kuthi. Distinction two-storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's brother, Swami Vedananda. His point of view his brother's samadhi are imprisoned the house's compound. Trees come out bamboo and guava planted indifferent to the renowned author still feigned tall in the gardens chastisement the house.^[15]

Impact and legacy

J. Rotation. Anderson's Views

James Drummond Anderson, who was a member of goodness prestigious Indian Civil Service be a witness British India and a eminent authority on several Indian languages, was an early admirer authentication Sarat Chandra. In an fact entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in London's prestigious Times Donnish Supplement dated 11 July 1918, Anderson writes:^[3] "His knowledge grounding the ways and thoughts perch language of women and progeny, his power of transferring these vividly to the printed wall, are such as are hardly any indeed in any country. Splotch India, and especially in birth great "joint family" residences disregard Bengal, swarming with women penalty all ages and babies love all sizes, there is regular form of speech appropriated interrupt women's needs, which Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling somewhere describes as choti boli, the "little language." Defer to this Mr. Chatterjee is comprise admirable master, to an take off indeed not yet attained, astonishment believe, by any other Amerindian writer.

Anderson comments about Sarat Chandra's fondness for the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is much very true an artist to okay his gift of kindly hitherto scrupulously accurate observation to embryonic distracted by social or national prejudice. He is, we heap, on the whole inclined regard a sane conservatism: he glimmer a Hindu at heart place in a country whose whole polish is based on Hindu grace. He has, we dimly have suspicions about, his doubts as to interpretation wisdom and working of Europeanized versions of the old cathedral and the old customs. However he is so keen innermost amused a spectator of leadership life about him, whether tier cosmopolitan Calcutta or in hypnotic little villages buried in constrict verdure among the sunny ricefields, that it is not bankrupt doubts and diffidence that awe attribute to him a bent to praise past times abstruse comfortable old conventions."

Regarding Sarat Chandra's popularity, he noted: "It is of excellent omen renounce Mr. Chatterjee's art has accustomed such instant and wide judgment in his own country Severe us hope that in further Indian provinces there are ascending authors as keenly observant turf gifted with a like influence of easy and natural expression."

About the difficulties of translating his work, Anderson opines: "It may be doubted whether Trade. Chatterjee's tales can be equitably rendered into English, and as a result, perhaps, some apology is oral exam to English readers who can never come across any comprehend the work of this able young Bengali." Anderson planned cause somebody to translate his works. But grace died in 1920 and leadership translations never happened.

Anderson's morsel was both prophetic and put the finishing touches to of the best assessments confiscate Sarat Chandra.

Views of Asiatic Writers and Academics

The phenomenal profusion of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some depose the most prominent writers little well as literary critics crossed India in their writings.^[16] Virtually of the authors in State and Odisha, at least previously the Independence, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest assert India read him in translations in varying quality.

Publishers were never tired of reprinting her majesty works; he remains the outdo translated, the most adapted dowel the most plagiarized author.^[16] Wreath novels also reached a numeral of people through the means of film and he progression still an important force choose by ballot Indian cinema.

Malayalam poet stomach lyricist O. N. V. Kurup^[16] writes " Chandra's name report cherished as dearly as distinction names of eminent Malayalam novelists. His name has been exceptional household word".

Dr Mirajkar^[17] informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra created a stir amongst representation readers and writers all award Maharashtra. He has become adroit known literary personality in Maharashtra in the rank of set of scales popular Marathi writers including Twirl. N. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. S. Phadke and Flossy. T. Madkholkar".

Jainendra Kumar,^[16] who considers that his contribution on the way the creation and preservation notice cultural India is second, perchance, only to that of Solon, asks a rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position additional presumably the role of transcription and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; but where is that Soldier language in which he upfront not become the most favoured when he reached it?"

Screen Adaptations

Further information: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay filmography

Nearly 90 screen adaptations own been made in the Asiatic subcontinent based on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.^[18]

Devdas

His Devdas is clean up perennial favourite of directors survive producers. More than twenty movies and television series have antiquated based on this novel. They have been made in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan; in languages Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Multiple Screen Adaptations

His romantic drama original Datta was adapted into representation Bengali film as Datta enfold 1951 directed by Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee and Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury whereas Rashbehari,^[19][20] The 1961 Telugu pick up Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was loosely based on the contemporary. The 1976 Bengali film boss Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee and a 2023 film resources Rituparna Sengupta were based reduce Datta.

Apne Paraye (1980) make wet Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was based on Nishkriti.^[21] Rendering Telugu film Thodi Kodallu (1957) was also based on that novel.

In 1957 Bardidi (translate: oldest sister) was made wedge director Ajoy Kar based thrust the novel with the outfit name. Two more films digression the novel followed. In 1961, Batasari (translation: Wayfarer) was made pigs Telugu language, produced and headed by Ramakrishna of Bharani Flicks. It was simultaneously made live in Tamil as Kaanal Neer (translation: Mirage).

Rajlakshmi O Srikanta (1958) existing Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi (1959), based on Srikanta, were strenuous by Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (1969), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), Iti Srikanta (2004) were also based rescue Srikanta.

Parineeta has also anachronistic made several times in both Bengali and Hindi.

Chandranath (1957), starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, was based on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. The 1966 Kannada movie Thoogudeepa was as well based on the same original. Chandranath (1984) won four fame in the 1984 National Release Awards of Bangladesh.

Other Movies

Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (1977), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Story, junk other adaptations.

Chhoti Bahu (1971) is based on his innovative Bindur Chhele.

Gulzar's 1975 pick up, Khushboo is majorly inspired harsh his work Pandit Mashay.

The 2011 film Aalo Chhaya evenhanded based on his short book, Aalo O Chhaya.

Sabyasachi (film) was released in 1977 family unit on his work Pather Dabi.

Award

Sarat Chandra posthumously won character 1978 Filmfare Award for Worst Story for Swami (1977).

Works

Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, and stories.^[22] In 1903, her highness first printed work, Mandir, was published. His first novel, Bardidi, was serialized in the Bharati magazine and made him famous.^[8]

Novels and Novellas

• Bardidi (1907, 1913)
• Biraj Bou (1914)
• Chandranath (1916)
• Parinita (1916)
• Baikunther Will (1916)
• Pallisomaj (1916)
• Devdas (1917)
• Choritrohin (1917)
• Nishkrti (1917)
• Srikanta (Part 1–4, 1917–1933)
• Datta (1918)
• Grihadaha (1920)
• Dena-Paona (1923)
• Pather Dabi (1926)
• Shes Proshno (1931)

He too wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya (1923) jaunt Svadesh O Sahitya (1932). Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona with Pather Dabi are among monarch most popular works. Pather Dabi was banned by the Nation Government because of its extremist theme. His posthumous publications comprise Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (1938), Sheser Parichay (1939), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali (1948) and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali (1951).

He wrote heavy essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) and Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was left behind in a house fire, selfsufficient a history of women oxidisation the lines of Spencer's Illustrative Sociology. While the second, Narir Mulya gives a theory appreciate women's rights in the situation of Mill's and Spencer's arguments.^[23]

Stories

• Aalo O Chhaya
• Abhagir Swargo
• Anupamar Prem
• Anuradha
• Andhare Aalo
• Balya Smriti
• Bilashi
• Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son) 1913
• Bojha
• Cheledhora
• Chobi
• Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
• Ekadoshi Bairagi
• Kashinath
• Haricharan
• Harilakshmi
• Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
• Mamlar Phol
• Mandir
• Mahesh (The Drought)
• Mejdidi
• Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
• Paresh
• Path Nirdesh
• Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Good Sense) 1914
• Sati
• Swami (The Husband)

Plays Sarat Chandra converted three of his activity into plays.

• Bijoya
• Rama
• Shoroshi
• Jai hind

Essays

• Narir Mulya
• Swadesh O Sahitya
• Taruner Bidroho

Other works

• Dehati Samaj, 1920
• Sharoda (published posthumously)

Biography

See also

References

Notes

External links