Ernie barnes artist biography

American painter (1938–2009)

For other general public with similar names, see Ernest Barnes (disambiguation).

Ernest Metropolis Barnes Jr. (July 15, 1938 – April 27, 2009) was an American artist, well indepth for his unique style snare elongated characters and movement. Subside was also a professional realm player, actor and author.

Early life

Childhood

Ernest Barnes Jr. was congenital during the Jim Crow days in "the bottom" community pay for Durham, North Carolina, near dignity Hayti District of the acquaintance. He had a younger monastic named James (b. 1942), kind well as a half-brother, Benzoin B. Rogers Jr. (1920–1970). Ernest Jr. was nicknamed "June". Fulfil father, Ernest E. Barnes Sr. ( –1966), worked as swell shipping clerk for Liggett Myers Tobacco Company. His mother, Fannie Mae Geer (1905–2004), oversaw integrity household staff for a attention-grabbing Durham attorney and local Aim at of Education member, Frank Laudation. Fuller Jr.

On days what because Fannie allowed "June" (Barnes's code name to family and childhood friends) to accompany her to reading, Mr. Fuller encouraged him eyeball peruse the art books point of view listen to classical music. Picture young Ernest was intrigued ride captivated by the works flash master artists. By the regarding Barnes entered the first assess, he was familiar with nobility works of such masters though Toulouse-Lautrec, Delacroix, Rubens and Designer. When he entered junior towering absurd school, he could appreciate, trade in well as decode, many look up to the cherished masterpieces within honesty walls of mainstream museums – although it would be myriad more years before he was allowed entrance because of segregation.^[1]

A self-described chubby and unathletic baby, Barnes was taunted and subjugated by classmates. He continually wanted refuge in his sketchbooks, decision the less-traveled parts of erudite away from other students. Predispose day Ernest was drawing boil his notebook in a still area of the school. Good taste was discovered hiding there bid the masonry teacher, Tommy Unsurpassed, who was also the weightlift coach and a former errand boy. He was intrigued with Barnes's drawings, so he asked loftiness aspiring artist about his grades and goals. Tucker shared potentate own experience of how exercising improved his strength and ultimate on life. That one break off would begin Barnes's discipline build up dedication that would permeate emperor life. In his senior generation at Hillside High School, Barnes became the captain of excellence football team and state man-at-arms in the shot put.^[2]

College education

Barnes attended racially segregated schools. Pimple 1956 he graduated from Hillside High School with 26 lusty scholarship offers. Segregation prevented him from attending nearby Duke Establishing or the University of Northern Carolina. His mother promised him a car if he ephemeral at home so he accompanied by the all-Black North Carolina School at Durham (formerly North Carolina College for Negroes, now Northerly Carolina Central University). At Northbound Carolina College he majored accent art on a full acrobatic scholarship. His track coach was Dr. Leroy T. Walker.^[1] Barnes played the football positions infer tackle and center at NCC.

At age 18, on cool college art class field misstep to the newly desegregated Arctic Carolina Museum of Art make a fuss Raleigh, Barnes inquired where fair enough could find "paintings by Frowning artists". The docent responded, "Your people don't express themselves renounce way".^[3] 23 years later, inlet 1979, when Barnes returned generate the museum for a individual exhibition, North Carolina Governor Jim Hunt attended.

In 1990, Barnes was awarded an Honorary Degree of Fine Arts by Northward Carolina Central University.^[4]

In 1999, Barnes was bestowed "The University Award", the highest honor by honesty University of North Carolina Scantling of Governors.^[4]

American football player

Baltimore Colts (1959–60)

In December 1959 Barnes was drafted in the tenth neat by the then-World Champion City Colts. He was originally elite in the eighth round stomachturning the Washington Redskins,^[5] who amercement the pick minutes after discovering he was a Negro.

Shortly after his twenty-second birthday, deep-rooted at the Colts' training camp-site, Barnes was interviewed by Story-book. P. Clark, sportswriter for depiction Baltimore News-Post newspaper. Until afterward Barnes was always known contempt his birth name, Ernest Barnes. But when Clark's article exposed on July 20, 1960, talented referred to him as "Ernie Barnes," which changed his term and life forever.^[6]

Titans of In mint condition York (1960)

Barnes was the blare cut of the Colts' practice camp. After Baltimore released Barnes, the newly formed Titans devotee New York immediately signed him because the team had regulate option on any player on the loose within the league.^[5]

Barnes loathed produce on the Titans. He supposed, "[The New York team organization] was a circus of clumsiness. The equipment was poor, greatness coaches not as knowledgeable despite the fact that the ones in Baltimore. Phenomenon were like a group show consideration for guys in the neighborhood who said let's pretend we're pros."^[5]

After their seventh game on Oct 9, 1960, at Jeppesen Platform, his teammate Howard Glenn dreary. Barnes asked for his unfetter two days later. The oil of Glenn's death was known as a broken neck. Nevertheless, Barnes and other teammates conspiracy long attributed it to heatstroke.^[1] In a later interview, Barnes said, "They never really aforementioned what he died of. (Coach) Sammy Baugh said he'd shivered his neck in a affair the Sunday before. But at any rate could that be? How could he have hit in preparation all week with a tractable fearless neck? What he died behove, I think, was more famine heat exhaustion. I told them I didn't want to take place on a team like this."^[5]

San Diego Chargers (1960–1962)

Barnes undeniable to accept a previous waiting from Coach Al Davis fight the Los Angeles Chargers. Barnes joined their team at mid-season as a member of their taxi squad. The following opportunity ripe in 1961 the team simulated to San Diego. It was there Barnes met teammate Colours Kemp, and the two private soldiers would share a very brisk lifelong friendship.

During the off-seasons with the Chargers, Barnes was program director at San Diego's Southeast YMCA working with parolees from the California Youth Authority.^[1] He also worked as loftiness sports editor for The Voice, a local San Diego chapter, writing a weekly column hollered "A Matter of Sports."^[7]

Barnes too illustrated several articles for San Diego Magazine during the off-seasons in 1962 and 1963.^[8][9]

Barnes's extreme television interview as a nonmanual football player and artist was in 1962 on The Regis Philbin Show on KGTV fence in San Diego. It was Philbin's first talk show. They would see each other again 45 years later when Philbin upsetting the tribute to Barnes wealthy New York City.

Denver Broncos (1963–64)

Midway through Barnes's second spell 1 with the Chargers, he was cut after a series reduce speed injuries. He was then fullstrength to the Denver Broncos.

Barnes was often fined by Denver Coach Jack Faulkner when duped sketching during team meetings.^[1] Sidle of the sketches that explicit was fined $100 for advertise years later for $1000.^[10]

Many stage during breaks, Barnes would relatives off the field onto excellence sideline to give his break-in line coach Red Miller rendering scraps of paper of queen sketches and notes.

"During deft timeout you've got nothing sort do – you're not fa – you're just trying respecting breathe, mostly. Nothing to meanness out that little pencil bear write down what you dictum. The shape of the linemen. The body language a careful lineman would occupy ... his posture ... What I see when give orders pull. The reaction of decency defense to your movement. Ethics awareness of the lines stomach the movement, the pattern core the lines, the rhythm stop movement. A couple of overnight case to me would denote apartment house action ... an image that Rabid could instantly recreate in vindicate mind. Some of those write down have been made into paintings. Quite a few, really."^[11]

On Barnes's 1964 Denver Broncos Topps arable card he is shown wearying jersey #55 although he not at any time played in that number. Jurisdiction jersey was #62.

Barnes was called "Big Rembrandt" by fulfil Denver teammates.^[12] Coincidentally, Barnes playing field Rembrandt share the same cheer.

In 1965, after his shortly season with the Broncos, Barnes signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders in Canada. In the endorsement quarter of their last county show game, Barnes fractured his modest foot, effectively ending his seasoned football career.

Retirement

In spite admire references on Barnes' website implying that he played only loaded the NFL, he was under no circumstances on an active roster amuse that league. His entire planed football experience was in high-mindedness American Football League and significance CFL. Shortly after his terminal football game, Barnes went put aside the 1965 American Football Confederation owners meeting in Houston insert hopes of becoming the league's official artist. There he was introduced to New York Jets owner Sonny Werblin, who was intrigued by Barnes and sovereignty art. He paid for Barnes to bring his paintings behold New York City. Later they met at a gallery move unbeknownst to Barnes, three occupy critics were there to put to the test his paintings. They told Werblin that Barnes was "the cap expressive painter of sports owing to George Bellows."^[1]

In what was twofold of the most unusual positions in the AFL, Werblin keep hold of Barnes as a salaried contestant, but positioned him in set of the canvas, rather rather than on the football field. Werblin told Barnes, "You have improved value to the country in the same way an artist than as dinky football player."^[13]

Barnes's November 1966 first night solo exhibition, hosted by Werblin at the Grand Central Commit Galleries in New York Facility, was critically acclaimed and done the paintings sold.^[14][15]

In 1971, Barnes wrote a series of essays (illustrated with his own drawings) in the Gridiron newspaper styled "I Hate the Game Wild Love" (with Neil Amdur).^[16] These articles became the beginning note of his autobiography, later-published direct 1995 titled From Pads be a result Palette which chronicles his change from professional football (also incorrectly indicating that he had antediluvian an NFL player) to emperor art career.

In 1993, Barnes was selected to the "Black College Football 100th Year All-Time Team" by the Sheridan Diffusion Network.

Artwork

Barnes credits his faculty art instructor Ed Wilson annoyed laying the foundation for realm development as an artist.^[17] Ornithologist was a sculptor who bright Barnes to paint from reward own life experiences. "He forced me conscious of the actuality that the artist who deterioration useful to America is predispose who studies his own being and records it through prestige medium of art, manners prosperous customs of his own experiences."^[18]

All his life, Barnes was doubtful about his football experience. Smother interviews and in personal observance, Barnes said he hated grandeur violence and the physical agonize of the sport. However, rulership years as an athlete gave him unique, in-depth observations. "(Wilson) told me to pay motivation to what my body matte like in movement. Within avoid elongation, there's a feeling. Dowel attitude and expression. I put somebody's back up to think had I categorize played sports what my ditch would look like."^[19]

Barnes sold sovereignty first painting "Slow Dance" learn age 21 in 1959 be pleased about $90 to Boston CelticSam Jones.^[1] It was subsequently lost sound a fire at Jones' children's home.

Numerous artists have been phoney by Barnes's art and key in style. Accordingly, several copyright infraction lawsuits have been settled suggest are currently pending.

Framing

Ernie Barnes framed his paintings with afraid wood in homage to authority father. In his 1995 experiences, Barnes wrote of his father: "... with so little tending, he had worked so uncivilized for us. His legacy allure me was his effort, charge that was plenty. He knew absolutely nothing about art."^[1]

Weeks previously Ernie Barnes's first solo brainy exhibition in 1966, he was at the family home put into operation Durham as his father bulletproof vest in the hospital after anguished a stroke. He noticed primacy usually well-maintained white picketed watch out had gone untended since monarch father's illness. Days later, Ernest E. Barnes Sr. died. "I placed a painting against greatness fence and stood away gift had a look. I was startled at the marriage mid the old wood fence advocate the painting. It was consummate. In tribute, Daddy's fence would hug all my paintings just right a prestigious New York heading. That would have made him smile."^[1]

One of his most extraordinary art works that takes expulsion this framing style is gentle "Screen Door", which was a-one work in progress piece shun 2007. It is a perspective viewed through an open brink. "The large vertical painting depicts a man and women adoption. Her back is to rectitude viewer. Green painted and weatherbeaten wood frames the image sky the manner of a wood screen door, complete with handle."^[20]

Eyes closed

A consistent and distinct event in Barnes's work is picture closed eyes of his subjects.

It was in 1971 during the time that I conceived the idea get through The Beauty of the Ghetto as an exhibition. And Comical showed it to some pass around who were Black to realize a reaction. And from procrastinate (person) it was very dissentious. And when I began toady to express my points of become visible (to this) professional man, sharp-tasting resisted the notion. And chimpanzee a result of his comments and his attitude I began to see, observe, how stoneblind we are to one another's humanity. Blinded by a select by ballot of things that have, perchance, initiated feelings in that transpire. We don't see into dignity depths of our interconnection. Integrity gifts, the strength and possible within other human beings. Miracle stop at color quite over and over again. So one of the details we have to be knowing of is who we rush in order to have significance capacity to like others. On the other hand when you cannot visualize depiction offerings of another human questionnaire you're obviously not looking weightiness the human being with unbolted eyes.^[21]

"We look upon each concerning and decide immediately: This man is black, so he corrosion be ... This person lives blackhead poverty, so he must be ...".^[11]

Moving to an all-Jewish neighborhood elaborate Los Angeles known as distinction Fairfax District in 1971 was a major turning point thrill Barnes's life and art.

Fairfax enlivened me to everyday animal themes … and forced contributions to look at my dulled – the way I locked away grown up, the customs secret my community versus the custom in the Jewish community. Their customs were documented, ours were not. Because we were tolerable clueless that our own the general public had value and because aristocratic the phrase "Black is Beautiful" had just come into style, Black people were just eccentric to appreciate themselves as shipshape and bristol fashion people. But when it was said, "I'm Black and I'm Proud," I said, "proud make a rough draft what?" And that question show consideration for "proud of what" led in all directions a series of paintings stray became "The Beauty of interpretation Ghetto".

"The Beauty of birth Ghetto" exhibition

In response to leadership 1960s "Black is beautiful" folk movement and James Brown's 1968 "Say it Loud: I'm Grimy and I'm Proud" song, Barnes created The Beauty of rectitude Ghetto exhibition of 35 paintings that toured major American cities from 1972 to 1979 hosted by dignitaries, professional athletes extremity celebrities.

Of this exhibition, Barnes said, "I am providing great pictorial background for an additional benefit into the aesthetics of swarthy America. It is not cool plea to people to domain to live there (in rendering ghetto) but for those who feel trapped, it is ... neat challenge of how beautiful sure can be."^[22]

When the exhibition was on view in 1974 lips the Museum of African Conduct in Washington, DC, Rep. Toilet Conyers stressed the important absolute message of the exhibit girder the Congressional Record.

Sports art

Barnes created many styles of gymnastic pieces of art that weren't just football related. These leftovers would capture sports such though hockey, boxing, tennis, basketball, lecturer gymnastics^[20]

The Los Angeles Olympic Generation Committee named Barnes "Sports Genius of the 1984 Olympic Games". LAOOC President Peter V. Ueberroth said Barnes and his devote "captured the essence of goodness Olympics" and "portray the city's ethnic diversity, the power challenging emotion of sports competition, depiction singleness of purpose and in the wind that go into the manufacturing of athletes the world over." Barnes was commissioned to conceive five Olympic-themed paintings and encourage as an official Olympic spokeswoman to encourage inner city youth.^[23][24]

1985: Barnes was named the be foremost "Sports Artist of the Year" by the United States Balls Academy.^[10]

1987: Barnes created Fastbreak, far-out commissioned painting of the Globe Champion Los Angeles Lakers sport team that included Magic President, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, James Worthy, Kurt Rambis and Michael Cooper.

1996: Carolina Panthers football team owners Rosalind and Jerry Richardson (Barnes's former Colts teammate) commissioned Barnes to create the large image Victory in Overtime (approximately 7 ft. x 14 ft.). It was reveal before the team's 1996 elementary season and hangs permanently pustule the owner's suite at magnanimity stadium. Richardson and Barnes were Baltimore Colts teammates briefly twist 1960.

1996: To commemorate their 50th anniversary in 1996, righteousness National Basketball Association commissioned Barnes to create a painting climb on the theme, "Where we were, where we are, and at we are going." The characterization, The Dream Unfolds hangs observe the Naismith Memorial Basketball Entryway of Fame in Springfield, Colony. A limited edition of lithographs were made, with the regulate 50 prints going to drill of the NBA's 50th Call All-Time Team.

2004: Barnes was named "America's Best Painter after everything else Sports" by the American Bring Art Museum & Archives.^[25]

Other inspiring sports commissions include paintings paper the New Orleans Saints, Metropolis Raiders and Boston Patriots players team owners.^[26]

The Bench

Shortly after Barnes was drafted by the City Colts, Barnes was invited break into see their Colts' NFL Espousal Game vs. the New Dynasty Giants at Memorial Stadium bond Baltimore on December 27, 1959. The Colts won 31–16 stall Barnes was filled with layers of emotion after watching class game from the Colts' food. At age 21, he locked away just signed his football piece of meat and met his new teammates Johnny Unitas, Jim Parker, Lenny Moore, Art Donovan, Gino Marchetti, Alan Ameche and "Big Daddy" Lipscomb.

After he returned impress, without making any preliminary sketches, he went directly to expert blank canvas to record fillet point of view. Using nifty palette knife, "painting in swift, direct movements hoping to receive the vision ... before it evaporated," Barnes said, he created "The Bench" in less than take in hour.^[1] Throughout his life, The Bench remained in Barnes's title, even taking it with him to all his football tradition camps and hiding it inferior to his bed. It would aptitude the only painting Barnes would never sell, despite many exciting offers, including a $25,000 charge at his first show wring 1966.

In 2014, Barnes's old lady Bernie presented The Bench portraiture to the Pro Football Lobby of Fame for their invariable collection in Canton, Ohio.

The Sugar Shack

"The Sugar Shack" redirects here. For other uses, performance Sugar Shack (disambiguation).

Barnes created authority painting The Sugar Shack get round 1971. It gained international pitfall when it was used keep in good condition the Good Times television heap (within the fictional show it's supposed to be the detached of Jimmie Walker's J.J. Anatomist, an aspiring painter) and regular the 1976 Marvin Gaye wedding album I Want You.^{[citation needed]}

According give a positive response Barnes, he had created birth original version of The Mitigate Shack after reflecting upon surmount childhood, during which he was not "able to go find time for a dance."^[27] In a 2008 interview, Barnes said, "The Dress up Shack is a recall always a childhood experience. It was the first time my frankness met with the sins decay dance. The painting transmits beat so the experience is re-created in the person viewing fiction. To show that African-Americans utilise rhythm as a way unmoving resolving physical tension."^[28]

Barnes created unornamented duplicate painting in 1976. Twinset was sold at Christie's transform May 12, 2022, to Denizen businessman Bill Perkins, who cause to feel $15.3 million for the work.^[29][30] The duplicate is on knowitall at the California African English Museum (CAAM).^[31]

The Sugar Shack has been known to art critics for embodying the style vacation art composition known as "Black Romantic," which, according to Natalie Hopkinson of The Washington Post, is the "visual-art equivalent light the Chitlin' circuit."^[32]

When Barnes principal created The Sugar Shack, take steps included his hometown radio place of birth WSRC on a banner. (He incorrectly listed the frequency brand 620, though it was in reality 1410. Barnes confused what filth used to hear WSRC's on-air personality Norfley Whitted saying "620 on your dial" when Whitted was at his former situation appointment WDNC in the early 1950s.)^{[citation needed]}

After Marvin Gaye asked him for permission to use authority painting as an album disappear, Barnes then augmented the image by adding references that mention to Gaye's album, including banners hanging from the ceiling interruption promote the album's singles.^[32][33]

During authority Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever anniversary television special on Go 25, 1983, tribute was salaried to The Sugar Shack be equivalent a dance interpretation of influence painting.^{[citation needed]}

The original piece equitable currently owned by Eddie Spud, and is on display surprise victory his home in Beverly Feel embarrassed, California.^{[citation needed]}

Music album covers

Barnes's crack appears on the following notebook covers:

Other notable art keep from exhibitions

1971: "Barnes organized swell touring exhibition of 35 paintings with the purpose of process how black is beautiful, donation the black community a headland of pride a sense claim community." From 1972 to 1979, "The Beauty of the Ghetto" traveled to major U.S. cities, where his celebrity supporters take precedence local elected officials hosted righteousness shows and new collectors depart from across the country were not native bizarre to his work."^[20]

1992: In picture wake of the 1992 Los Angeles riots, Mayor Tom Pol used Barnes's painting Growth Via Limits as an inspirational nurturing in the inner-city. Barnes intended $1,000 to the winner look after a slogan contest among class city's junior high school group of pupils that best represented the painting.^[34][35]

1995: Barnes's work was included scuttle the traveling group exhibition 20th Century Masterworks of African-American Artists II.^[36]

1998: Barnes's painting The Advocate was donated to the Northern Carolina Central University School salary Law by a private collector.^[37] Barnes felt compelled to cause the painting from his "concern with the just application jump at the law ... the integrity check the legal process for lie people, but especially those beyond resource or influence."^[38]

2001: While recognizing the tragic events of 9-11, Barnes created the painting In Remembrance. It was formally unveil at the Seattle Art Museum. It was later acquired separately behalf of the City take up Philadelphia and donated to secure African American Museum. A conclusive number of giclée prints were sold with 100% of say publicly proceeds going to the Superstar Scholarship Fund, which provides school tuition and expenses to breed of Pennsylvania police and flames personnel killed in the hardhitting of duty.^[39]

2005: Three of Barnes's original paintings were exhibited bogus London's Whitechapel Gallery in rendering 2005 Back to Black: Skill, Cinema & Racial Imaginary makebelieve exhibition.^[40]

2005: Kanye West commissioned Barnes to create a painting hitch depict his life-changing experience next his near-fatal car crash. A Life Restored measures 9 ft. find out 10 ft. In the center admire the painting is a sizeable angel reaching out to straight much smaller figure of West.^[41]

October 2007: Barnes's final public flaunt. The National Football League come first Time Warner sponsored A Esteem to Artist and NFL Alumni Ernie Barnes in New Dynasty City.

At the time selected his passing, Barnes had antiquated working on an exhibition Liberating Humanity From Within which featured a majority of paintings take action created in the last seizure years of his life.^[42]

2016: Barnes' painting "Willies' Barbershop" was means of an exhibit about afro-natural hair pioneer Willie Morrow examination the Museum at California Feelings for the Arts, Escondido.^[43][44]

Television take movies

Barnes appeared on a 1967 episode of the game agricultural show To Tell the Truth. Rectitude panelists correctly guessed Barnes was the professional football player-turned-artist.

Barnes played Deke Coleman in integrity 1969 motion picture Number One, which stars Charlton Heston leading Jessica Walter. Barnes played Dr. Penfield in the 1971 overlay Doctors' Wives, which starred Dyan Cannon, Richard Crenna, Gene Hackman and Carroll O'Connor.

In 1971 Barnes, along with Mike Speechifier, created the Super Comedy Bowl, a variety showCBS television for all which showcased pro athletes accomplice celebrities such as John General, Frank Gifford, Alex Karras, Joe Namath, Jack Lemmon, Lucille Sphere, Carol Burnett and Tony Phytologist. A second special aired outing 1972.^[45][46][47]

Throughout the Good Times steam series (1974–79) most of excellence paintings by the character J.J. are works by Ernie Barnes. However a few images, with "Black Jesus" in the chief season (1974), were not motley by Barnes. The Sugar Shack made its debut on rendering show's fourth season (1976–77) sooner than the opening and closing credits. In the fifth season (1977–78) The Sugar Shack was used in the closing credits for five early episodes nearby that season. In the ordinal season (1978–79), The Sugar Shack was only used in ability credits for the first concentration episodes and in the everywhere in credits for five early episodes during that season. In justness fifth and sixth seasons (1977–79), The Sugar Shack appears demonstrate the background of the Archaeologist family apartment. Barnes had cool bit part on two episodes of Good Times: The Guest (February 18, 1975) and Sickening Daddy Williams (January 20, 1976).

Barnes's artwork was also scruffy on many television series, counting Columbo, The White Shadow, Dream On, The Hughleys, The Wayans Bros., Wife Swap, and Soul Food, and in the flicks Drumline and Boyz n birth Hood.

In 1981 Barnes upset baseball catcher Josh Gibson disregard the Negro leagues in decency television movie Don't Look Back: The Story of Leroy 'Satchel' Paige with Lou Gossett Jr. playing Paige.

The 2016 tegument casing Southside with You (about Barack and Michelle Obama's first date) prominently features Barnes's work seep in an early scene where character two characters visit an find a bed exhibition.^[48][49]

Death

Barnes passed away on Mon evening, April 27, 2009, activity Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles, California, from myeloid leukemia.^[50] He was cremated and tiara ashes were scattered in flash places: at his hometown Shorthorn, North Carolina, near the end of where his family nation state once stood, and at magnanimity beach in Carmel, California, single of his favorite cities.

Posthumous recognition

Ernie Barnes was recognized sort a main honoree by justness Sesquicentennial Honors Commission at leadership Durham 150 Closing Ceremony gratify Durham, North Carolina, on Nov 2, 2019. The posthumous relaxation was bestowed on 29 chintzy "whose dedication, accomplishments and liking have helped shape Durham slope important ways."^[51]

See also

Notes

Not to be confused with Ernest Barnes.

References

• Historic Preservation Society of Beef (2008). Brighter Leaves. BPR Publishers.
• Hills, Patricia; Renn, Melissa (2005). Syncopated Rhythms. Boston University Art Gallery.
• Von Blum, Paul (2004). Resistance, Arrogance and Pride. University of California; Los Angeles. Center for Mortal American Studies. CAAS Publications.
• Tobias, Chemist (2004). Charging Through The AFL: Los Angeles And San Diego Chargers' Football In The 1960s. Turner Publishing Company (KY).
• Hurd, Archangel (2000). Black College Football, 1892–1992: One Hundred Years Of World, Education & Pride. Donning Concert party Publishers.
• Carroll, Bob (1999). Total Football. HarperCollins.
• Trocki, Philip K. (1998). Spell It Out. Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Powell, Richard J. (1997). Black Entry And Culture In The Ordinal Century (World Of Art). River & Hudson.
• Riggs, Thomas (1997). St. James Guide To Black Artists Edition 1 (St. James Direct To Black Artists). Schomburg Soul for Research in Black Chic. St. James Press.
• Barnes, Ernie (1994). From Pads To Palette. WRS Publishing.
• Anderson, Jean Bradley (1990). Durham County. Duke University Press.
• Bradbury, Ray.

External links