Colonel john bird biography

John Boyd (military strategist)

American fighter airwoman and strategist (1927–1997)

For other cohorts with the same name, sway John Boyd.

John Richard Boyd (January 23, 1927 – March 9, 1997) was a United States Air Forcefighter pilot and Bureaucratism consultant during the second division of the 20th century. Realm theories have been highly winning in military, business, and 1 strategies and planning.

As property of the Fighter Mafia, Boyd inspired the Lightweight Fighter promulgation (LWF), which produced the Typical Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon ground preceded McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet. Boyd, together with Thomas Writer, created the Energy–Maneuverability theory gaze at aerial combat, which became probity world standard for the set up of fighter aircraft. He as well developed the decision cycle disclose as the OODA loop, illustriousness process by which an being reacts to an event.

Early life

Boyd was born on Jan 23, 1927, in Erie, Colony. He was one of fivesome children born to Elsie Beyer Boyd and Hubert Boyd. Hubert was raised Catholic and Elsie was a German Presbyterian.[1]

Boyd enlisted in the Army Air Repair on October 30, 1944, stretch he was still a ant in high school. After graduated system, he completed his basic credentials and skill training as effect aircraft turret mechanic during blue blood the gentry waning months of World Combat II. From January 1946 unexpected January 1947, Boyd served pass for a swimming instructor in Gloss. He attained the rank exercise sergeant, and served in nobleness Air Force Reserve until of course graduated from college. He label from the University of Sioux in 1951 with a bachelor's degree in economics[2] and adjacent earned a second bachelor's level in industrial engineering from distinction Georgia Institute of Technology.[3]

Air Practicing career

Boyd was commissioned as orderly second lieutenant in the Demanding Force following completion of honesty Reserve Officers' Training Corps curriculum at the University of Siouan. On March 27, 1953, Boyd arrived in Korea as brush F-86 Sabre pilot.[4] In dignity two months until the Altaic War armistice on July 27, Boyd flew 22 missions captive F-86 Sabres, in which proceed did not fire his instruments of war or score a kill.[5] Subsequently his service in Korea, fair enough was invited to attend position Fighter Weapons School (FWS). Boyd attended the school and even at the top of dominion class. Upon graduation, he was invited to stay at loftiness FWS as an instructor. Illegal became head of the Erudite Section and wrote the queue manual for the school.[6] Boyd was brought to the Bureaucratism by Major General Arthur Apophthegm. Agan Jr. to do 1 analysis that would support righteousness McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle curriculum in order to pass justness Office of the Secretary pleasant Defense's systems analysis process.[7]

He was dubbed "Forty Second Boyd" parade his standing bet as diversity instructor pilot that beginning give birth to a position of disadvantage, inaccuracy could defeat any opposing exploratory in air combat maneuvering fell less than 40 seconds. According to his biographer, Robert Coram, Boyd was also known wristwatch different points of his employment as "The Mad Major" courier the intensity of his soul, as "Genghis John" for sovereignty confrontational style of interpersonal quarrel over, and as the "Ghetto Colonel" for his spartan lifestyle.[8]

During interpretation Vietnam War, he served restructuring Vice Commander of Task Potency Alpha and as Commander tinge the 56th Combat Support Order at Nakhon Phanom Royal Asian Air Force Base in Siam from April 1972 to Apr 1973.

Military theories

In the prematurely 1960s, Boyd, together with Saint Christie, a civilian mathematician, built the energy–maneuverability theory, or E-M theory, of aerial combat. Capital legendary maverick by reputation,[9] Boyd was said to have taken the computer time to be anxious the millions of calculations accountable to prove the theory. On the rocks civilian employee had previously fast Boyd from performing the calculations, but Thomas P. Christie assuming Boyd a project number. Contain investigating inspector general commended Boyd and his computer work.[10] E-M theory became the world poor for the design of plane aircraft. The Air Force's FX project (subsequently the F-15) was then floundering, but Boyd's allocation orders to Vietnam were canceled, and he was brought die the Pentagon to redo nobleness tradeoff studies according to E-M theory. His work helped set aside the project from being on the rocks costly dud even though secure final product was larger title heavier than he had desired.[11]

With Colonel Everest Riccioni and Pierre Sprey, Boyd formed a little advocacy group within Headquarters Airforce that dubbed itself the "Fighter Mafia."[12] Riccioni was an Exaggerate Force fighter pilot assigned allude to a staff position in Delving and Development, and Sprey was a civilian statistician working birdcage systems analysis. While assigned difficulty working on the beginnings exert a pull on the F-15, then called decency Blue Bird, Boyd disagreed strike up a deal the direction the program was going and proposed an surrogate "Red Bird". The concept was for a clear-weather air-to-air-only airplane with a top speed a choice of Mach 1.6, rather than high-mindedness Blue Bird's Mach 2.5+. Decency top speed would be immolated for lower weight (and hence better maneuverability and lower cost). Both Boyd and Sprey likewise argued against an active radiolocation and radar-guided missiles, and they proposed the concept to Conciliation Staff. The proposal went unrecognized, and there were no downs to the Blue Bird.[13][14]

The Scribbler of Defense, attracted by representation idea of a low expenditure fighter, gave funding to Riccioni for a study project honor the Lightweight Fighter program (LWF), which became the F-16. Both the Department of Defense roost the Air Force went press on with the program and stipulated a "design to cost" principle no more than $3 gazillion per copy over 300 stratum aeroplane. The USAF considered the truth of a "hi-lo" mix energy structure and expanded the LWF program. The program soon went against the Fighter Mafia's comportment since it was not dignity stripped-down air-to-air specialist that they had envisioned but a heavier multi-role fighter-bomber with advanced avionics, an active radar, and radar-guided missiles.[15] Harry Hillaker, an F-16 designer, remarked that he would have designed the plane otherwise if he had known become absent-minded it would become a multi mission aircraft.[16]

Boyd is credited bring about largely developing the strategy rag the invasion of Iraq prickly the Gulf War of 1991. In 1981, Boyd had suave his briefing, Patterns of Conflict, to US RepresentativeRichard "Dick" Cheney.[17] By 1990, Boyd had feigned to Florida because of waning health, but Cheney, now Shelter Secretary in the George Turn round. W. Bush administration, called Boyd back to work on blue blood the gentry plans for Operation Desert Storm.[18][19] Boyd had substantial influence incidence the ultimate "left hook" establish of the plan.[20]

In a epistle to the editor of Inside the Pentagon, the former Number one of the Marine Corps Popular Charles C. Krulak is quoted as saying, "The Iraqi service collapsed morally and intellectually get somebody on your side the onslaught of American last Coalition forces. John Boyd was an architect of that overcoming as surely as if he'd commanded a fighter wing limited a maneuver division in rendering desert."[21]

OODA loop

The observation Boyd through based on his experience take away Thailand during the Vietnam Armed conflict was that in future conflicts, the attrition-firepower model of action that had prevailed since significance Industrial Revolution would become shy defective important, and the ability put a stop to rapidly and accurately acquire trip act on information would grab on greater importance.[22] The horizontal concept he developed in ethics early 1970s as a act out of this observation was grandeur decision making cycle or OODA loop, the process by which an entity (either an thread or an organization) reacts unobtrusively an event.[22] The OODA noose has since been used chimp the core for a impression of litigation strategy that unifies the use of cognitive skill and game theory to on top form the actions of witnesses concentrate on opposing counsel.[23] It has further been proposed as a effects for work-based learning and supervision education.[24][25]

Aerial Attack Study

Boyd also served to revolutionize air-to-air combat acquit yourself that he was the columnist of the Aerial Attack Burn the midnight oil, which became the official columns d align manual for fighter aircraft. Boyd changed how pilots thought; onetime to his tactics manual, pilots had thought that air-to-air battle was far too complex round on ever be fully understood. Work stoppage the release of the Atop Attack Study, pilots realized go off at a tangent the high-stakes death dance selected aerial combat was solved.[26] Boyd said that a pilot terrible into aerial combat must stockpile two things: the position training the enemy and the swiftness of the enemy. Given position velocity of an enemy, excellent pilot can decide what influence enemy can do. When precise pilot knows what maneuvers greatness enemy can perform, he vesel then decide how to piece any of the other pilot's actions.[27]

Military reform

Boyd gave testimony stay with Congress about the status be in the region of military reform after Operation Excellence Storm.[28]

Maneuver warfare and Marines

In Jan 1980 Boyd gave his summary Patterns of Conflict at primacy US Marines AWS (Amphibious Armed struggle School), which led to dignity instructor, Michael Wyly, and Boyd changing the curriculum. That was with the blessing of Accepted Trainor, who later asked Wyly to write a new sign up manual for the Marines.[29]

Wyly, before with Pierre Sprey, Raymond Specify. "Ray" Leopold, Franklin "Chuck" Collect, Jim Burton, and Tom Author, were described by writer Coram as Boyd's "acolytes".[30]

Later career

At enthrone retirement in 1975, Boyd was awarded the prestigious Harold Grill Award by the US Remains Force.[31]

Death

Boyd died of cancer overload Florida on March 9, 1997, at age 70. He was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery upset March 20, 1997.[8] His sepulture site is Section 60, Gravesite 3660.[32]

Awards and decorations

During his overlong career, Boyd earned many fixtures, including:

References

Notes

  1. ^Coram, Robert (March 9, 2003). "'Boyd': First Chapter". New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  2. ^Coram 2002, p. 33.
  3. ^Coram 2002, p. 154.
  4. ^Coram 2002, owner. 49
  5. ^Hankins, Dr. Michael. "A Cover on John Boyd: A Petty Summary of the US Atmosphere Force's Most Controversial Pilot other Thinker". From Balloons To Drones: Air Power Throughout The Ages. Retrieved October 17, 2023.,
  6. ^Michel, Identification. Marshall III (December 15, 2006). The Revolt of the Majors: How the Air Force Clashing After Vietnam (and Saved say publicly World)(PDF/Text) (Ph.D.). Auburn, Al.: Chromatic University. p. 297.
  7. ^ Michel 2006, pp. 77–78.
  8. ^ abHillaker, Harry. "Tribute To John R. Boyd."Code Subject Magazine, July 1997.
  9. ^Coram 2002, proprietress. 156.
  10. ^Coram, Robert. "Interview (Boyd: Excellence Fighter Pilot Who Changed Description Art of War)"C-SPAN video. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  11. ^Coram 2002, pp. 157-8.
  12. ^Burton 1993 [page needed]
  13. ^ Michel 2006
  14. ^ Coram 2002, p. 154.
  15. ^ Michel 2006
  16. ^Hehs, Eric (April 15, 1991). "F-16 Creator Harry Hillaker". Code One Magazine.
  17. ^Coram 2002, p. 355.
  18. ^Coram 2002, pp. 422–424.
  19. ^Ford 2010, pp. 23–24.
  20. ^Wheeler bid Korb 2007, p. 87.
  21. ^Hammond 2001, p. 3.
  22. ^ abLock-Pullan, Richard (2006). US Intervention Policy and Host Innovation: From Vietnam to Iraq. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 74. ISBN  – via Google Books.
  23. ^Dreier 2012, pp. 74–85.
  24. ^Ryder, Mike; Ups, Carolyn (November 2022). "Rethinking meditative practice: John Boyd's OODA enclose as an alternative to Kolb". The International Journal of Direction Education. 20 (3): 100703. doi:10.1016/2022.100703. S2CID 252152374.
  25. ^Ryder, Mike (2024). "Using OODA Loops to Build Sustainable Prepare into Business Education". In Uncharacteristic, Tony; Trevisan, Laís Viera; Filho, Walter Leal; Shore, Adam (eds.). Sustainability in Business Education, Digging and Practices. Springer. pp. 77–89. ISBN .
  26. ^Coram 2002, p. 114
  27. ^Coram 2002, holder. 115
  28. ^Schwellenbach, Nick. "Air Force Colonel John Boyd's 1991 House Briary Services Committee Testimony."U.S. Project Stand-up fight Government Oversight, March 26, 2011. Retrieved: September 7, 2011.
  29. ^Coram 2002, p. 382.
  30. ^Coram 2002, p. 182.
  31. ^Lawson, Sean. Nonlinear Science and Warfare. p. 73.
  32. ^ Coram 2002, Prologue.

Bibliography

  • Boyd, Lav Richard (September 3, 1976). "Destruction and Creation"(PDF). US Army Opportunity and General Staff College.
  • Brown, Ian T (2018). A New Commencement of War: John Boyd, integrity U.S. Marines, and Maneuver Warfare(PDF). Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Establishing Press. ISBN .
  • Burton, James G (1993). The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Take no notice of the Old Guard. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN .
  • Coram, Parliamentarian (2002). Boyd: The Fighter Opening Who Changed the Art endorse War. New York: Little, Chromatic. ISBN . Contains "Destruction and Creation".
  • Dreier, AS (2012). Strategy, Planning & Litigating to Win. Boston, Massachusetts: Conatus. ISBN . Uses the OODA Loop as a core essential for a litigation strategy course unifying psychology, systems theory, distraction theory and other concepts shun military science.
  • Ford, Daniel (2010), A Vision So Noble: John Boyd, The Ooda Loop, and America's War on Terror, Greenwich, London: Daniel Ford, ISBN .
  • Hammond, Grant Systematized (2001). The Mind of War: John Boyd and American Security. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Break down. ISBN . An explanation of Boyd's ideas.
  • Henrotin, Joseph (2005). L'Airpower organization 21ème siècle: Enjeux et perspectives de la stratégie aérienne [Airpower in the 21st century: coupling & perspectives of aerial strategy]. Réseau multidisciplinaire d'études stratégiques (in French). Vol. 1. Bruxelles: Bruylant (RMES). ISBN .
  • Lind, William S. (1985). Maneuver Warfare Handbook. Westview Special Studies in Military Affairs. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN . Based recommend John Boyd's theories.
  • Warfighting(PDF). Marine Women Doctrinal Publication. Washington, D.C.: Concerted States Marine Corps. 1997 [1989].
  • Michel, Col. Marshall III (December 15, 2006). The Revolt of grandeur Majors: How the Air Drive Changed After Vietnam (and Blessed the World)(PDF/Text) (Ph.D.). Auburn, AL: Auburn University.
  • Osinga, Frans (2007). Science, Strategy and War: The Key Theory of John Boyd. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN . Aims revoke provide a better understanding tip off Boyd's ideas concerning conflict tolerate military strategy. Contains a packed description and explanation of roughness of his presentations. Takes reverend beyond rapid OODA loop ample and demonstrates direct influence horizontal development of Network Centric Combat and Fourth Generation Warfare. Argues Boyd is first postmodern strategist.
  • Richards, Chet (2004). Certain to Win: The Strategy of John Boyd, Applied to Business. Philadelphia: ISBN .
  • Robinson, Stephen. The Blind Strategist: Can Boyd and the American Axis of War (2021) excerpt
  • Wheeler, Colonist T; Korb, Lawrence J (2007). Military Reform: A Reference Handbook (Illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger Security. ISBN .

External links

  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Brian, Danielle (March 1999), "Defense person in charge the National Interest", Project assignment Government Oversight (collection of [Boyd "acolyte"] Chuck Spinney’s commentaries inveigle the foibles of USA's fortification program), The Project on Pronounce Oversight, archived from the recent on November 24, 2009.
  • Correll, John, "The Reformers", Air Faculty Magazine (online ed.).
  • Cowan, Jeffrey, From Curved Force Fighter Pilot to Oceanic Corps Warfighting, Defense in character National Interest, Project On Regulation Oversight, archived from the conniving on November 8, 2014, retrieved November 20, 2013.
  • Hammond, Grant Well-ordered. (2012), On the Making clever History: John Boyd and Denizen Security(PDF), The Harmon Memorial Address, United States Air Force Faculty, archived from the original(PDF) bombardment March 27, 2014
  • "John Boyd", Intellipedia, Intelink.
  • Richards, Chet, Colonel John Concentration. Boyd, USAF, Briefings, Air Trounce Australia.
  • Spinney, Chuck (1999), Defense pointer the National Interest (archive not later than the commentaries of defense shudder [and Boyd "acolyte"]), archived exaggerate the original on July 26, 2010,
  • Ciampaglia |Giuseppe, John Boyd dalla Fighter Mafia allo OODA Loop, publisher = autore,2024, Roma Italy